Character set of the Language – In C programming language character set is made up of the following characters-
- All characters from small a to z.
- All characters from capital A to Z.
- All numbers from 0 to 9.
- All special characters like #, $, %, *, }, [ etc.
User Defined Words
User defined words are defined by the user by using some valid rules. These words can stand for variable name, file name, array name, function name etc.
Trigraph Character
Many non English keyboards do not support all the characters mentioned in table 2.1. ANSI C introduces the concept of “trigraph” sequences to provide a way to enter certain characters that are not available on some keyboards. Teach trigraph sequence consists of three characters (two question marks followed by another character). Following is the the table to the Trigraph sequences –
| Trigraph Sequence | Translation |
|---|---|
| ??( | ‘ [ ‘ Left bracket |
| ??) | ‘ ] ‘ Right bracket |
| ??< | ‘ { ‘ Left Brace |
| ??> | ‘ { ‘ Right Brace |
| ??! | ‘ | ‘ Vertical Bar |
| ??/ | ‘ \ ‘ Back Slash |
| ??/ | ‘ ^ ‘ Cadet |
| ??- | ‘ ~ ‘ Tilde |
| ??= | ‘#’ Number sign |
Keywords and Identifiers
Every C language word is classified as either a keyword or an identifier. All keywords have fixed meanings and these meanings cannot be changed. Keywords serve as basic building blocks for program statements. All keywords must be written in lowercase. Some compilers may use additional keywords that must be identified from the C manual.
| auto | double | int | struct |
| break | else | long | switch |
| case | enum | register | typedef |
| char | extern | return | union |
| const | float | short | unsigned |
| continue | for | signed | void |
| default | goto | sizeof | volatile |
| do | if | static | while |
Identifiers refer to the names of variables, functions and arrays. These are user-defined names and consist of a sequence of letters and digits, with a letter as a first character. Both uppercase and lowercase letters are permitted, although lowercase letters are commonly used. The underscore character is also permitted in identifiers. It is usually used as a link between two words in long identifiers.
what about logic character?